Resources
For Physicians who may be struggling please contact your local PHP for assistance. For those in PA contact www.paphp.org
For those struggling with sexual addiction you might find 12-step meetings helpful. Please go to:
www.slaafws.org
http://saa-recovery.org
www.sa.org
Please note that we do not endorse individual 12-step philosophies and each group is listed for your convenience not as an endorsement of the groups policies and practices.
For more information on sexual addiction or other problematic sexual behaviors go to:
www.sash.net
Glossary and References (please note that the following is only an example of some research or resources into areas. There are many more great examples not found here. Some articles may be found online for free).
Attachment theory: Attachment theory is an important part of work with clients. It is based on the theories of Bowlby and Ainsworth. Attachment is essentially the psychological closeness between human beings. Attachment begins in childhood and parents who are available and responsive to their children create a sense of stability and dependability, security and a secure base where children can feel safe to explore their world and return to safety when threatened. However, parents who do not have consistent or nurturing types of parenting can create insecurity in children that tends to last into adult relationship styles. There are four general types of attachment: secure, avoidant, anxious and disorganized (in adulthood typically referred to as secure, fearful, preoccupied and dismissive). In therapy, it is important for clinicians to understand their client’s attachment style, to create a secure base, to be consistent, to allow for mistakes but help clients learn from them, and to be authentic.
Schema Focused therapy: Schema theory is a therapeutic modality that combines cognitive, behavioral, attachment, psychodynamic and gestalt theories and techniques. It is premised on the idea that clients have a lens through which they view the world that contains dysfunctional assumptions about the self, the world and one’s relationship to others which creates a pattern of thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations and memories. Generally speaking, schemas are developed in childhood and adolescents when needs for attention, affection, protection and play are not met or through abuse as a child.
For more information on Schema Focused Therapy:
Young, J.E., Kloska, J.S., Weishaar, M.E., Schema Therapy-A Practitioners Guide 2003 Guilford Press
www.schematherapy.com
Lee, D. A., Scragg, P. and Turner, S. (2001), The role of shame and guilt in traumatic events: A clinical model of shame-based and guilt-based PTSD. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74: 451–466. doi: 10.1348/000711201161109
Bernstein, D.P., Arntz, A., de Vos, M. (2007) Schema Focused Therapy in Forensic Settings: Theoretical Model and Recommendations for Best Clinical Practice. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 6(2) 169-183
Giesen-Bloo,J., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven,P., van Tilburg W., Dirksen,C., et al (2006) Outpatient Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder Randomized Trial of Schema-Focused Therapy vs Transference-Focused Psychotherapy Arch Gen Psychiatry. 63(6):649-658. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.649.
Shame Reduction Work: In sexual disorders, an important aspect of treatment is to helping clients to understand their negative core beliefs about themselves and how they talk to themselves can be destructive. Carnes discusses the idea of sexual addicts having a “worthless core” which during therapy needs to be translated further. Shame reduction work involves having clients express secrets both about their behaviors and their trauma, turn their shame into guilt when needed, practice accountability, practice empathy, learning how shame can be used as a weapon against others and to keep one sick. Work can include utilization of Brene Brown’s Connections program.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: ACT is a type of therapy that has been researched for trauma, drug and alcohol and sexual addiction. The major goals of ACT is to have clients begin to be present, learn to allow thoughts as opposed to fighting them and to behave in ways that are in line with their values. ACT teaches a nonjudgmental stance towards thoughts and feelings, changes the way that clients relates to thoughts. Many clients struggle with emotional tolerance and use addiction as a way to decrease “negative” feeling states or run from shame, anxiety or guilt. ACT helps clients learn to tolerate these thoughts and feelings.
For more information on ACT
Luoma J. B, Kohlenberg B. S., Hayes S., Fletcher L. (2011). Slow and Steady Wins the Race: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Targeting Shame in Substance Use Disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 80(1) 43-53.
Twohig, M. P., & Crosby, J. M. (2010). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Problematic Internet Pornography Viewing. Behavior Therapy, 41(3), 285-295.
Russ Harris- www.actmindfully.com
Mindfulness: Mindfulness is a practice that assists clients in learning to present and more conscious in their being. Mindfulness has been well researched for use with pain management, addictions and sexual addiction. The practice of mindfulness dates back to Eastern philosophies. Its current use teaches clients to attend to thoughts in order to modify behaviors.
For more information on mindfulness:
Bowen S., Chawla N., and Marlatt G. A., Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Addictive Behaviors, a Clinicians Guide 2011 Guilford Press
Brewer J. A., Elwafi H.A, and Davis J.H. (2013) Craving to Quit: Psychological Models and Neurobiological Mechanisms of Mindfulness Training as Treatment for Addictions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 27 (2) 366-379.
Garland E., Roberts-Lewis A. (2013. Differential Roles of Thought Suppression and Dispositional Mindfulness in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Craving. Addictive Behavior 38 (2) 1555-1562.
Farb N.A., Anderson A.K., Segal Z. V., (2012) The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders. Canadian Journal Psychiatry 57(2) 70-77.
Containment Model: The Containment Model is a model for managing and treating sex offenders and has become one of the standards in the field. It involves a team approach to best help victims and offenders. Clinically, utilization of the containment model offers a whole person approach to treating those with sexually offending behaviors and notes that the old confrontational model does not work. Clients need assistance with sex education, assertiveness training, emotional management, cognitive distortions, victim impact and relapse prevention. For more information please see: www.soab.pa.gov
Empowerment Theory: Empowerment theory is a strengths based approach to helping clients understand their innate abilities and unique gifts. It is based on the idea that clients are the best experts of themselves and contain a unique resilience. It starts with an understanding of the client’s version of their self-esteem, powerlessness, and self-efficacy. Treatment goals are focused on allowing client to master and control their outcomes and utilizing decision making skills.
For Physicians who may be struggling please contact your local PHP for assistance. For those in PA contact www.paphp.org
For those struggling with sexual addiction you might find 12-step meetings helpful. Please go to:
www.slaafws.org
http://saa-recovery.org
www.sa.org
Please note that we do not endorse individual 12-step philosophies and each group is listed for your convenience not as an endorsement of the groups policies and practices.
For more information on sexual addiction or other problematic sexual behaviors go to:
www.sash.net
Glossary and References (please note that the following is only an example of some research or resources into areas. There are many more great examples not found here. Some articles may be found online for free).
Attachment theory: Attachment theory is an important part of work with clients. It is based on the theories of Bowlby and Ainsworth. Attachment is essentially the psychological closeness between human beings. Attachment begins in childhood and parents who are available and responsive to their children create a sense of stability and dependability, security and a secure base where children can feel safe to explore their world and return to safety when threatened. However, parents who do not have consistent or nurturing types of parenting can create insecurity in children that tends to last into adult relationship styles. There are four general types of attachment: secure, avoidant, anxious and disorganized (in adulthood typically referred to as secure, fearful, preoccupied and dismissive). In therapy, it is important for clinicians to understand their client’s attachment style, to create a secure base, to be consistent, to allow for mistakes but help clients learn from them, and to be authentic.
Schema Focused therapy: Schema theory is a therapeutic modality that combines cognitive, behavioral, attachment, psychodynamic and gestalt theories and techniques. It is premised on the idea that clients have a lens through which they view the world that contains dysfunctional assumptions about the self, the world and one’s relationship to others which creates a pattern of thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations and memories. Generally speaking, schemas are developed in childhood and adolescents when needs for attention, affection, protection and play are not met or through abuse as a child.
For more information on Schema Focused Therapy:
Young, J.E., Kloska, J.S., Weishaar, M.E., Schema Therapy-A Practitioners Guide 2003 Guilford Press
www.schematherapy.com
Lee, D. A., Scragg, P. and Turner, S. (2001), The role of shame and guilt in traumatic events: A clinical model of shame-based and guilt-based PTSD. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74: 451–466. doi: 10.1348/000711201161109
Bernstein, D.P., Arntz, A., de Vos, M. (2007) Schema Focused Therapy in Forensic Settings: Theoretical Model and Recommendations for Best Clinical Practice. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 6(2) 169-183
Giesen-Bloo,J., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven,P., van Tilburg W., Dirksen,C., et al (2006) Outpatient Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder Randomized Trial of Schema-Focused Therapy vs Transference-Focused Psychotherapy Arch Gen Psychiatry. 63(6):649-658. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.649.
Shame Reduction Work: In sexual disorders, an important aspect of treatment is to helping clients to understand their negative core beliefs about themselves and how they talk to themselves can be destructive. Carnes discusses the idea of sexual addicts having a “worthless core” which during therapy needs to be translated further. Shame reduction work involves having clients express secrets both about their behaviors and their trauma, turn their shame into guilt when needed, practice accountability, practice empathy, learning how shame can be used as a weapon against others and to keep one sick. Work can include utilization of Brene Brown’s Connections program.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: ACT is a type of therapy that has been researched for trauma, drug and alcohol and sexual addiction. The major goals of ACT is to have clients begin to be present, learn to allow thoughts as opposed to fighting them and to behave in ways that are in line with their values. ACT teaches a nonjudgmental stance towards thoughts and feelings, changes the way that clients relates to thoughts. Many clients struggle with emotional tolerance and use addiction as a way to decrease “negative” feeling states or run from shame, anxiety or guilt. ACT helps clients learn to tolerate these thoughts and feelings.
For more information on ACT
Luoma J. B, Kohlenberg B. S., Hayes S., Fletcher L. (2011). Slow and Steady Wins the Race: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Targeting Shame in Substance Use Disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 80(1) 43-53.
Twohig, M. P., & Crosby, J. M. (2010). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Problematic Internet Pornography Viewing. Behavior Therapy, 41(3), 285-295.
Russ Harris- www.actmindfully.com
Mindfulness: Mindfulness is a practice that assists clients in learning to present and more conscious in their being. Mindfulness has been well researched for use with pain management, addictions and sexual addiction. The practice of mindfulness dates back to Eastern philosophies. Its current use teaches clients to attend to thoughts in order to modify behaviors.
For more information on mindfulness:
Bowen S., Chawla N., and Marlatt G. A., Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Addictive Behaviors, a Clinicians Guide 2011 Guilford Press
Brewer J. A., Elwafi H.A, and Davis J.H. (2013) Craving to Quit: Psychological Models and Neurobiological Mechanisms of Mindfulness Training as Treatment for Addictions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 27 (2) 366-379.
Garland E., Roberts-Lewis A. (2013. Differential Roles of Thought Suppression and Dispositional Mindfulness in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Craving. Addictive Behavior 38 (2) 1555-1562.
Farb N.A., Anderson A.K., Segal Z. V., (2012) The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders. Canadian Journal Psychiatry 57(2) 70-77.
Containment Model: The Containment Model is a model for managing and treating sex offenders and has become one of the standards in the field. It involves a team approach to best help victims and offenders. Clinically, utilization of the containment model offers a whole person approach to treating those with sexually offending behaviors and notes that the old confrontational model does not work. Clients need assistance with sex education, assertiveness training, emotional management, cognitive distortions, victim impact and relapse prevention. For more information please see: www.soab.pa.gov
Empowerment Theory: Empowerment theory is a strengths based approach to helping clients understand their innate abilities and unique gifts. It is based on the idea that clients are the best experts of themselves and contain a unique resilience. It starts with an understanding of the client’s version of their self-esteem, powerlessness, and self-efficacy. Treatment goals are focused on allowing client to master and control their outcomes and utilizing decision making skills.